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NEHC Newsletter Quiz Spring 20101.) Dead Reckoning is defined as navigation: A. Solely by means of computations based on time, airspeed, distance, and direction. B. With reference to landmarks or checkpoints C. Using the Direct To navigation feature on most GPS navigation units. D. Flying between VOR’s along pilot defined courses that are not part of the Victor Airway system. 2.) Any specific geographic point can be located by reference to its longitude and latitude. Boston , Massachusetts , for example, is approximately 42º 22’ North Latitude and 071º 04’ West Longitude. Regarding latitude and longitude: A. Circles parallel to the equator (lines running east and west) are parallels of longitude and are measured in degrees north (N) or south (S) of the equator. B. Meridians of latitude are drawn from the North Pole to the South Pole, at right angles to the equator, from which measurements are made east (E) and west (W) of the “Prime Meridian” to 180º. C. The “Prime Meridian” passes through Greenwich , England. D. The equator is an imaginary circle equidistant from the magnetic poles of the earth. 3.) Magnetic heading, when corrected for deviation is known as: A. True heading. B. Magnetic heading. C. Compass heading. D. Magnetic course. 4.) Variation is : A. The angle between true north and magnetic north and aircraft operating east of the agonic line (the line of zero variation) experience easterly variation. B. The angle between true north and magnetic north and aircraft operating east of the agonic line (the line of zero variation) experience westerly variation. C. The angle between true north and magnetic north. To correct for easterly deviation the pilot should subtract the deviation from True Course to determine the magnetic course. D. If the variation is shown as “9ºE”, this means that the magnetic course is 9º east of true north. If a true course of 360º is to be flown, 9º must be added to 360º, which results in a magnetic heading of 009º. 5.) Most pilots use the following method to determine compass heading: Determine the True Course (TC) apply wind correction (WCA) to determine True Heading. TH ± variation (V) = magnetic heading (MH) ± deviation (D) = compass heading (CH). Why is wind correction the 2 nd step in this process? A. It does not really matter where, in the formula, the wind correction angle is applied. The formula listed above is simply a recommendation. B. Wind always has a greater effect on the aircraft’s track than either V or D. C. Winds aloft are forecast in reference to Magnetic North. True Course (TC) ± WCA (Magnetic) = True Heading (TH). D. Winds aloft are forecast in reference to True North. True Course (TC) ± WCA (True) = True Heading (TH). 6.) Consider a Sectional Aeronautical Chart: which of the following characteristics correctly describe this chart? A. The scale is 1:500,000. B. It is printed using Lambert Conformal Conic Projection. C. The horizontal datum is based on World Geodetic System 1984. D. All of the above characteristics are correct. 7.) A Sectional Aeronautical Chart is created using Lambert Conformal Conic Projection. Why is this map projection the preferred projection for use in aviation? A. The Parallels (Latitude) are equally spaced lines that converge at the poles. B. A straight line drawn on this chart approximates a great circle between end points. C. Meridians (Longitude) are equally spaced concentric circles. D. All of the above characteristics are correct. 8.) A Sectional Aviation Chart is created using the World Geodetic System 1984 Map Datum. Do pilots need to know which datum was used to create a particular map? A. Yes, often there are large differences in terms of distance between place to place on each different datum. This "datum shift" can then cause problems in terms of navigation and/or in trying to locate a specific place or object as a user of the wrong datum can sometimes be hundreds of meters from their desired position. B. No, datum refers primarily to the elevation of specific points on the earth’s surface. Maximum elevations depicted on chart quadrangles are conservative and are corrected for all known map datum. C. Yes, most GPS navigation systems are calibrated for use with NAD83 map datum. A datum correction factor, located in the GPS operator’s handbook, needs to be added to the coordinates to correct the “datum shift”. D. No, there is not enough difference between map datum to create problems locating a specific place or object on the earth’s surface. 9.) Regarding Great Circle navigation: A. A great circle is the shortest distance between two points on the earth’s surface. B. A straight line drawn on a Gnomonic chart is a great circle. C. Meridians of Longitude are all Great Circles. D. All of the above are correct. 10.) True or false. If you use Google Earth as a flight planning tool you should know that the map datum for this program is NAD83. A. True. B. False.
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